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Blue Lagoon, near Grindavik, Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland (63°53’ N, 22°27’ W).Gannet colony, Eldey island, Iceland (63°44’ N, 22°57’ W).River near Maelifellssandur, Myrdalsjökull region, Iceland (63°43’ N, 20°10’ W).
Stettjökull Glacier, Myrdalsjökull region, Iceland (63°40’ N, 19°05’ W).Lakagigar Volcano Chain, Iceland (64°07’ N, 18°14’ W).The Maelifell volcano on the edge of the Myrdalsjökull glacier, Iceland (63°51’ N, 19°13’ W).
Islet near Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar Archipelago, Iceland (63°26’ N, 20°17’ W).Sheep in lava fields, Snaefellsness Peninsula, Iceland (64°45’ N, 24°30’ W).Pjorsa River detail, Iceland (63°57’ N, 20°33’ W).
Lakagigar volcano range, Iceland (64°05’ N, 18°10’ W).Lake Jökulsárlón, at the southern end of the Vatnajökull Glacier, Iceland (64°00’ N, 17°03’ W).Mouth of the Markarfljót River, Myrdalsjökull region, Iceland (63°32’ N, 20°05’ W).
Mountainous countryside near Maelifellssandur, Myrdalsjökull Region, Iceland (63°51’ N, 19°18’ W).Blue Lagoon, near Grindavik, Reykjanes peninsula, Iceland (63°53’ N, 22°27’ W).Brennisteinsalda volcano in Landmannalaugar region, Iceland (63°59’N, 19°05’W).
Pingvellir Fault east of Reykjavik, Iceland (64°18’N, 21°16’W).Blue Lagoon, near Grindavik, Reykjanes peninsula, Iceland (63°53’ N, 22°27’ W).Blue Lagoon, near Grindavik, Reykjanes peninsula, Iceland (63°53’ N, 22°27’ W).
Mountain range of Landmannalaugar, Iceland (63°58’ N, 19°08’ W).Mountain range of Landmannalaugar, Iceland (63°58’ N, 19°08’ W).Landscape near Ljotipollur crater lake, Landmannalaugar, Iceland (64°01’ N, 19°02’ W).
Lava flow into the lake Frostastaðavatn, Iceland (63°57’ N, 19°08’ W).Mountain range in Landmannalaugar, Iceland (63°57’ N, 19°08’ W).Volcanic crater lake Ljótipollur, Landmannalaugar, Iceland (64°02’ N, 19°00’ W).
Volcanic chain, Lakagigar, Iceland (64°07’ N, 18°14’ W).Holmsarlon lake near the Myrdalsjökull glacier, Iceland (63°51’ N, 19°53’ W).The Maelifell volcano on the edge of the Myrdalsjökull glacier, Iceland (63°51’ N, 19°13’ W).



Volcanic chain, Lakagigar, Iceland (64°07’ N, 18°14’ W).
A predominantly volcanic island, Iceland is the site of the greatest eruptions in recorded history. But the greatest of all was probably the eruption of the volcano Laki, also known as Lakagigar, a part of the Myrdalsjökull volcanic system. The eruption began on June 8, 1783 and lasted until February 7, 1784. In that time, some 3.5 mi3 (14.5 km3) of lava spilled out of a 15-mile-long (24 km) fissure, covering a surface of 220 mi2 (570 km2). There were no violent explosions, but magmatic sulfur gas (137 million T [122 million t] of sulfur ejected, largely as sulfur dioxide) was released in abundance. The gas poisoned and killed cattle, while the acid rain it caused destroyed the harvest. In the three years of famine that followed the eruption, a quarter of the Icelandic population died of hunger. During the summer of 1783, a particularly cold one in Europe, observers in France and England noticed that the sun was obscured by a bluish haze. Today we hypothesize that the aerosol cloud propelled into the high atmosphere led to a 1.8°F (1°C) drop in average temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere.

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