| The Niger river, which has its source in the massif of Fouta Djallon in Guinea, is the third-longest (2,600 miles, or 4,184 km) river in Africa, and flows through Mali, Niger, and Nigeria. Crossing through Mali for a length of 1,050 miles (1,700 km), it forms a large loop that rises to the southern border of the Sahara, watering major centers such as Timbuktu and Gao. In Mali, life revolves around the Niger: economic activity is confined to its shores, and 80% of the population live on fishing or on agriculture, which depends on irrigation. The river is also the most common means of transport for a population of 13 million, 65 of whom live below the poverty line. But as well as being under threat from desertification and pollution, the Niger has for several years been invaded by a beautiful and deadly flower—the water hyacinth, which literally asphyxiates the fish. Mali and the other countries along the river are doing their utmost to fight this green pest. Having already been hard hit by a plague of locusts in 2004–2005, the country is now all the more dependent on the good health of its river. |