| tu, the village of Araouane stands on the great caravan route, once heavily traveled, linking the north of the country with Mauritania. Today it is best known for its collections of ancient manuscripts written in Arabic and local languages. Araouane’s numerous wells, which contributed to its ancient prosperity, still attract nomad campers to its periphery. Little by little, however, its fortlike houses are being swallowed up by the harmattan, the desert wind, which is threatening to wipe out the village completely. The only defense against the advancing sands is the plantations all around the wells, and this is a method that is beginning to reap rewards in a region for which the situation is serious and urgent. Desertification is a worldwide problem, which affects one-third of the land belonging to emerging nations. We are witnessing a disturbing acceleration of this phenomenon in its most acute form: between 1995 and 2000, 1,326 square miles (3,436 km2) of land turned into desert every year, compared to 602 square miles (1,560 km2) during the 1970s. |