| The chain of volcanoes in Anatolia takes up 8 percent of the land in Turkey. One of them is the Hasan Dagi, which is situated not far from Ilhara, and is a gently sloping volcanic cone rising to a height of 3,268 meters (10,700 feet). In the Neolithic era, the prosperity of this region depended largely on the exploitation of obsidian, a sharp volcanic glass which was invaluable for making weapons and tools. Volcanic activity is also the indirect source of an extraordinary geological formation in the Anatolian landscape, the fairy chimneys. These cavities were carved out of peaks sculpted by the erosion of the layer of tuff (formed over the centuries by the ash and mud belched out by volcanoes) which covered the ground. They were used by the hermits of early Christianity for shelter, then as richly decorated chapels which have now been abandoned. Volcanism and seismic activity remain particularly active in this region; in August 1999 a major earthquake killed several thousand people. |
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